Showing posts with label billionaires. Show all posts
Showing posts with label billionaires. Show all posts

Saturday, March 11, 2017

The Combined Net Worth Of The World's Billionaires Is $8 Trillion

The Combined Net Worth Of The World's Billionaires Is $8 Trillion
The combined fortune of every billionaire in the planet is a mind-boggling $8 trillion, up 16 percent from a year ago.
According to the Hurun Global Rich List 2017, there are 2,257 billionaires in the world — 69 more than there were a year ago and 804 more compared to five years ago.
For the second straight year, China accounted for the highest number of billionaires at 609 — 41 more than a year ago. Also, the city of Beijing was crowned the "billionaire capital of the world."
The United States accounts for 552 billionaires, up 17 from a year ago. Germany ranked third with 109 billionaires, followed by India with 100 billionaires.

Bill Gates: Still The Richest

Bill Gates saw his net worth rise by 1 percent from a year ago to $81 billion. Warren Buffett's net wealth rose by an impressive 15 percent to $78 billion but pales in comparison to Amazon.com, Inc. AMZN 0.06%'s CEO Jeff Bezos, whose net worth soared 37 percent to $72 billion.
Among the world's top 10 richest, eight are American. Spain's Amancio Ortega ranked fourth with a net worth of $69 billion, and Mexico's Carlos Slim Helu and family ranked seventh with a net worth of $46 billion.
The world's youngest billionaire is Mark Zuckerberg, the 32-year old co-founder and CEO of Facebook Inc FB 0.4% with a net worth of $58 billion (not including his plans to donate 99 percent of his Facebook fortune).
David Rockefeller Sr is the oldest billionaire at 101.

Saturday, January 7, 2017

How Hedge Fund Managers Become Billionaires

What Percentage of Hedge Fund Profits Are Pocketed by Managers?


Image result for investor hoarding money
Hedge fund managers become billionaires by collecting huge fees on moderately good performance. What percentage of hedge fund profits are pocketed by hedge fund managers? Reuters published an article yesterday with the following title: “Managers Pocket 28 Percent of Hedge Fund Profits-Study”. That’s a very misleading title. First of all, the answer is not a constant value. It is a function of returns. When returns are higher hedge fund managers capture a smaller percentage of profits and when returns are lower hedge fund managers pocket a larger percentage of profits because of their flat management fees. Hedge fund managers also pocket more than 100% of profits when their returns are negative, like in 2011.
Let’s get into the details of the “study” that is commissioned by “Alternative Investment Management Association” and KPMG. Alternative Investment Management Association is the global lobbying organization on behalf of hedge funds. When they do research, they will try to cherry pick their data points to make hedge funds look as good as possible. If their research yield really unfavorable results for their constituents, they may even decide not to publish the results. That’s why the “research” pushed out by this lobby group should be approached with caution. However, this doesn’t mean their research is always biased. A closer look at the Reuters article is required:
“Hedge fund managers pocketed 28.1 percent of profits generated by their funds over the past 18 years, new research from London’s Imperial College found. The research, commissioned by KPMG and hedge fund industry body the Alternative Investment Management Association, found investors’ share of annual profits delivered by hedge funds from 1994-2011 was 71.9 percent. It also found funds delivered an average annual return of 9.07 percent from 1994-2011, compared with 7.27 percent from global commodities, 7.18 percent from stocks, and 6.25 percent from global bonds.
…The study, which assumed average hedge fund fees of 1.75 percent and performance fees of 17.5 percent, followed the publication in January of ‘The Hedge Fund Mirage’ by fund manager Simon Lack.”
We weren’t satisfied with Reuters’ report. They just summarized the summary of the research. So I found the original report titled “The Value of the Hedge Fund Industry to Investors, Markets and the Broader Economy“. It can be downloaded at KPMG’s website. Here are some numbers and additional information from the study:
1. Hedge funds generated an annual alpha of 4.19% between 1994 and 2011.
2. Using sophisticated econometric approaches, Jagannathan, Malakhov and Novikov (2010), and Kosowski, Naik and Teo (2007) show that the abnormal performance of the top decile of hedge funds persists even at annual horizons.
3. Aggregate level hedge fund annualized gross returns are 12.61 percent, of which 9.07 percent is the investors’ share, whereas hedge fund managers get 3.54 percent of returns.
4. The study used equal weighted Hedge Fund Research (HFR) hedge fund database. Survivorship bias however is not a factor in the data because both active and inactive funds are included.
5. Self-selection bias may arise if a larger proportion of good or badperforming hedge funds systemically avoid reporting to commercial databases. A recent study by Edelmann, Fung and Hsieh (2011) shows that self-selection bias is negligible in commercial hedge fund databases.
6. Hedge funds generate 4.13% annual alpha when the economy isn’t in a recession. The annual alpha drops to 2.28% during recessions.
Overall the data used in this study looks good. What they report also seems accurate. Unfortunately, what the study didn’t report are the results for the first half of the 18 year period and the second half of the 18 year period. It’s not our impression that this didn’t cross their mind. We think the omission was purposeful. Hedge funds certainly had alpha in the past, but do they still have an edge after eclipsing $2 trillion in assets? How did they perform over the last 5 years? This isn’t a huge problem though. They published monthly hedge fund returns in their study. We can extract the data from the pdf file and calculate hedge funds’ alpha during the past 5, 10, 15 year periods. We wonder if Reuters would be open to publishing our results with the same enthusiasm. But then, we’re not lobbyists. We’re researchers and analysts. Here are the returns from the study:
Monthly Hedge Fund Returns
It is always good to double check someone else’s returns. You never know what you’ll uncover.
So that you can check our work, we’ll tell you what we did. We used Carhart’s four factor model to calculate alphas in this analysis. Fama French factors as well as the momentum factor are downloaded from Kenneth French’s website. Initially we used the entire 18 year period to calculate hedge funds’ alpha. Our regression results showed that hedge funds’ monthly alpha was 30 basis points. This about 3.71% annually between 1994 and 2011. This is nearly half a percentage point lower than the London Imperial College’s study but in the same ball park. Hedge funds were indeed able to generate alpha over the last 18 years (The annual alpha increases to 3.96% if we used simple CAPM to calculate alpha, not a materially different result).
Next we calculated hedge funds’ alpha between 1994 and 1999. Hedge funds’ monthly alpha in the first 6 years was 43 basis points. The annual figure is 5.30%. As expected hedge funds generated a larger alpha in the earlier years of the industry when there is little competition.
Next we calculated hedge funds’ alpha between 2000 and 2005. Hedge funds’ monthly alpha between 2000 and 2005 was 28 basis points. The corresponding annual alpha is 3.42%.
Next we calculated hedge funds’ alpha between 2006 and 2011. Hedge funds’ monthly alpha over these 6 years was slightly above 28 basis points. The corresponding annual alpha is 3.47%.
Finally we calculated hedge funds’ alpha between 2009 and 2011 to estimate the industry’s latest alpha. Surprisingly hedge funds still generated 24 basis points in monthly alpha or 2.89% in annual alpha.
This is a more appropriate number to use when discussing hedge funds. Hedge funds can still generate positive alpha after fees. This means that their investors benefited over the last three years by sticking with hedge funds. Investors should know that being able to generate alpha isn’t the same thing as beating the S&P 500 index. Hedge funds had a beta of 0.24 in our 2009-2011 regression. This means that when the market goes up by 10%, they would return only 2.4% if their alpha is zero. Since their alpha is 2.9% hedge funds will return 5.3% when the market goes up by 10% and will gain only 0.5% when the market is down 10%. Unfortunately, most people don’t understand the concept of alpha (read how to calculate alpha and beta).
Over the latest 3 years hedge funds returned 26% according to HFR hedge fund database. This is after fees. If we assume 1.75% flat fee and 17.5% performance fee, then hedge funds’ total return (before fees) comes up to 36.77%. This means that hedge fund managers pocketed 29.3% of total profits over the last 3 years. However, this would be a very biased estimate because the stock market had enourmous returns over the last 3 years. Here is another biased estimate. Between 2008 and 2011 hedge funds returned a total of 2.03%. Before fees, hedge funds generated a total return of 9.45%, which means that over the last 4 years hedge fund managers pocketed 79% of total profits and their clients got only 21%.
Let’s expand the calculation to the latest 5 years. Since the beginning of 2007 hedge funds returned 12.2% after fees and 23.5% before fees, which means that over the latest 5 years hedge fund managers pocketed 48% of total profits and their clients got 52%.
So, back to the title of the article. What percentage of hedge fund profits are pocketed by hedge fund managers? As you can see, it depends on the time period. However, one thing is clear. The lower bound is around 30% and the upper bound is 80%. Assuming that the market returns 10% annually and hedge funds return 5.3% annually (based on hedge funds’ most recent alpha and beta estimates), hedge fund managers will pocket 35% of total profits. 
Do investors really have to pay 35% of their profits as fees to turn hedge fund managers into billionaires or do they have a better option? Our research has shown that it is possible to generate double digit alpha by imitating the most promising stock picks of hedge fund managers. The best part of this news is that you don’t have to pay a single dime to hedge fund managers to do this. Read the details here.

Sunday, November 6, 2016

7 Real-Life Ways To Become A Billionaire


Image result for billion dollar bill

Becoming a billionaire seems like a great goal, but unfortunately it's only a dream for most of us. The thing is, many billionaires didn't start out as such. Some certainly had economic and educational advantages, but even without those, their smart decisions and business choices, plus a few characteristics that can't be overlooked, led them from Point A to Point B (Billionaire). So, what can we learn about our own real-life options for becoming billionaires? (More than 70 years after his death, this man remains one of the great figures of Wall Street. See J.D. Rockefeller: From Oil Baron To Billionaire.)
First things first: find a way to make money. Four of the most oft-methods of money making in the world of billionaires are inventing, investing, innovating and being an entrepreneur, but remember that how you pursue your billions is just as important as what you do to get them.

Do This: Invent


Inventing is a tough road to take, but if you've got the smarts to successfully create, patent, produce and market a product that people need (and thus, will buy in droves), you can build your future billionaire life on it. Successful inventions aren't necessarily complicated or high-tech items, either; James Dyson invented a better vacuum cleaner, and Gianfranco Zaccai invented a better mop, the Swiffer. Seems like things that help people clean more efficiently might be a good market to pursue.

Do This: Innovate

Innovation is the fine art of considering a current mainstream market and finding a creative way to improve the current offering. Successful innovators will identify the real needs behind customer demands, and will meet them with a smarter, better, more efficient product, or with a service that provides more than its competitors, or with a business that works in a way just different enough to stand out from the rest. IKEA founder is a great example of innovation leading to billions; furniture doesn't seem like a very exciting market, but his approach of providing modular, economical pieces with a modern flair from Sweden and other European designers and manufacturers to a global market has taken him all the way.

Don't Do This: Think You Know It All

The moment you think you have nothing left to learn is the moment you kill your potential for becoming a billionaire. Especially if you're interested in building your wealth through inventing or innovating, you have to be curious, open-minded and always learning. Those qualities allow you to look at old things in a new way, to see the potential for change and profit where others see only what already had been done.

Do This: Invest

Warren Buffett, the self-made billionaire, is famous for his frugal ways and for his smart investments. Investing, of course, requires a little seed money and some accurate insight into what investments are smart and what are a waste of money. If you can follow in the footsteps of billionaire investors like Buffett, then this might be the route for you.

Don't Do This: Make Flashy Investments

The latest and greatest is always fun to talk about, and one of the pitfalls of would-be billionaires is to jump in on the "next big thing" which doesn't always turn out to be so big. Investors who make billions from their investments avoid flashy, fun and high-risk picks and instead choose those with long-term potential to provide great returns. Real estate, energy, steel, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals and energy are among the picks, while high-tech and intriguing but risky options may go either way.

Do This: Be an Entrepreneur

The third option for becoming a billionaire is in the time-honored tradition of entrepreneurial pursuits. Starting a business and taking it to success isn't always easy, but for those with good business sense and the ability to spot start-ups that have potential to be great, entrepreneurship can be the vehicle to great wealth. Billionaire entrepreneurs might work in one of two ways: either by coming up with a great idea and taking it all the way, as in the case of Bill Gates and Microsoft. Or by spotting someone else's good idea and investing in it early on, helping to carry it to huge success. Both are viable ways to reach success that can get you into the billions of dollars when it comes to your own net worth. (Quit your job; be your own boss and earn a paycheck. Find out what to do to make it happen, in Start Your Own Small Business.)

Don't Do This: Quit Too Soon

Entrepreneurial types who succeed must realize that success rarely comes overnight. One business idea might not pay off, but the next might. Or your company might hit a low point, and you have to make the choice to hang on with it and bring it back or let your dream die and your debt increase. It's not easy to build something from scratch, especially when your something is a fortune of billions. Time is on your side, if you don't rush it.

The Bottom Line

Of course, luck has something to do with success; it helps to be in the right place at the right time. However, if you don't know what to do when you're there, luck won't help you out much. Smart choices, smart investments and long-term learning and growing will however; once you hit that first billion, remember you heard it here.



Source: 
http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0311/7-real-life-ways-to-become-a-billionaire.aspx

Monday, February 23, 2015

Make Any Investment Risk "Free" in One Move


Readers ask me all the time if I can recommend an investment that is 100% risk free.

(If anyone tries to tell you otherwise, take your money and run!)I can't do that. There is no such thing.

That said, there is one way you can make any investment risk "free" under the right set of circumstances, by using one of my favorite Total Wealth tactics: the free trade.
We've talked about this before, and many of you got a chance to put it into practice with our Human Augmentation target, Ekso Bionics Holdings Inc. (OTCMKTS: EKSO ) - simultaneously doing three things in the process: capturing profits of at least 100%, paying for your initial investment and reducing the risk on your remaining position to almost nothing.
Now, with the markets at new record highs and Greece machinations threatening to cause major corrections in world markets, I want to revisit that tactic. That's because many investors are sitting on solid profits and, in doing so, unwittingly taking on a lot more risk than they should.
Do this instead...
The concept of a "risk free" investment is not new. The allure of risking nothing and gaining everything has been around for centuries. And, as you might suspect, it's almost never ended well.
Case in point...
...the Tulip Bulb Crisis of 1634-1637
...the South Sea Bubble of 1711
...the Florida Real Estate Crash of 1926
...Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme
So why is it that you hear the term in widespread use today?
Because Wall Street only associates risk with loss.
That's why they consider U.S. Treasuries and other government paper as "risk free" choices, even though they know full well that there are risks inherent in every investment. It's a game of semantics.
It's a game, incidentally, that they want you to play, because it forces you to implicitly buy off on the most profitable strategy of all (for them) - diversification.
That's the idea that if you spread your risk around in different asset classes and investments - like stocks, bonds, cash, real estate, and the like - you'll be better off. The thinking is that not everything can possibly go down at once.
It's been around a while. In fact, the theory was first noted in the book of Ecclesiastes written around 935 B.C. It's also mentioned in the Talmud. Even Shakespeare picked up on it in "The Merchant of Venice" hundreds of years ago.
But it's absolutely wrong.
Ask anybody who got their portfolio halved twice in the last 15 years - first during the dot-bomb implosion from 2000-2003 and then the ongoing Financial Crisis that kicked off in 2008 with a vengeance. Everything went down at once both times.
And it's not just me who thinks so either. Warren Buffett notably quipped that diversification "makes very little sense for those who know what they are doing."
I believe you've got to think about risk differently in today's highly computerized and interlinked global markets, especially when it comes to your winners.
My logic isn't sophisticated. Put simply, nobody ever went broke taking profits but plenty of people have gone broke taking losses. So it not only makes sense to concentrate your assets using appropriate risk management but also to harvest your winners when the markets are strong. That way you'll have opportunity at hand rather than being forced to run for the hills when the markets are weak.
It doesn't matter whether you've got a lot of money or just a little, the principles driving our discussion today are exactly the same:
  • You want to capture profits every chance you get; and,
  • You want to take risk off the table at every opportunity.
Preferably, both at the same time.

Here's a Real-Life Example of How This Works

I recommended Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN ) to my Money Map Report subscribers in August 2011 because it was closely tied into two of our most important Unstoppable Trends - Technology and War, Terrorism & Ugliness. It was trading at $46.05 a share then.
Image result for Raytheon Co.
By November 2013, the company's stock had risen to $85.19, and dividend payouts had reduced the cost basis to $42.51, so subscribers who followed along as directed were sitting on returns of at least 100%. In keeping with what I've just explained, I recommended selling half the position to capture profits and redeploy into subsequent recommendations. I also suggested that they let the remaining shares run.
Pro traders call this a "free trade," because you not only get back your original investment, but you maintain all the upside you can handle, essentially "for free." Even better, because you've now "paid" for your investment, you can stay in the game with not an additional dollar at risk... even if the stock you've just harvested has a sudden reversal in fortune and goes from hero to zero.
The advantages were as clear then as they are now.
By capturing profits when we had the chance, subscribers ensured that their focus was on winning and on new opportunity, exactly as a savvy investor should.

Sunday, October 19, 2014

The Billionaire Among Us: Who’s the Richest Person in Your State

Stocks in this article: MSFTBRK.BORCLWMTLVSNKECLRDISHCCLLBHCAGMCRHUNKITM



NEW YORK (TheStreet) -- No matter where you live, there's someone living nearby who is richer than you are -- unless you're on a new list out from Wealth-X, an ultra-high net worth intelligence firm, which tracks the wealthiest person in every U.S. state.

Bill Gates leads the pack and is the richest person in Washington, perhaps to the chagrin of Jeff Bezos, with $81.5 billion, but nine of those on the list are worth less than a billion. Six are women, including Christy Walton, heir to the Walmart (WMT) fortune, who is the richest woman in the world.

Click through to see who the wealthiest person is in your corner of the country. 
Must Read: Warren Buffett's Top 10 Dividend Stocks
 

50. Jonathan Ledecky -- $340 million

State: Wyoming

Bio: Chairman of the Board and Chief Accounting Officer of Kitara Media Corp. (KITM)
Must Read: 10 Stocks George Soros Is Buying 

49. Robert Gillam -- $480 million 

State: Alaska 

Bio: Founder, President and CEO of  McKinley Capital 

 

48. T. Denny Sanford -- $580 million 

State: South Dakota 

Bio: Chairman and CEO of  United National Corp. 

 

47. Jay Shidler -- $700 million 

State: Hawaii 

Bio: Founder and managing partner of  The Shidler Group 

 

46. Robert Gore -- $830 million 

State: Delaware 

Bio: Inventor of  Gore-Tex 
Must Read: 5 Semiconductor Stocks Delivering Big Shareholder Profits Now 

45. Leon Gorman -- $840 million 

State: Maine 

Bio: Former president and chairman of  L.L. Bean 

 

44. David H. Nutt -- $880 million 

State: Mississippi 

Bio: Trial lawyer at law firm  Nutt-McAlister 

 

43. Mack C. Chase -- $910 million 

State: New Mexico 

Bio: Founder of the  Mack Energy Corporation 

 

42. Jon M. Huntsman, Sr. -- $950 million 

State: Utah 

Bio: Founder of the  Huntsman Corp. (HUN) 

 

41. Gary Tharaldson -- $1 billion 

State: North Dakota 

Bio: Founder of  Tharaldson Companies 
 

40. Frank Vandersloot -- $1.2 billion 

State: Idaho 

Bio: CEO of  Melaleuca 

 

39. Dennis Albaugh -- $1.4 billion 

State: Iowa 

Bio: Founder of Albaugh Inc.  

Must Read:  The 6 Best and Worst Stock Performers of This October Sell Off  

 

38. Thomas Benson -- $1.5 billion 

State: Louisiana 

Bio: Owner of the New Orleans Saints and New Orleans Hornets 

 

37. James C. Justice II -- $1.6 billion 

State: West Virginia 

Bio: Founder of James C. Justice Companies 

 

36. Robert Stiller -- $1.6 billion 

State: Vermont 

Bio: Founder of Keurig Green Mountain (GMCR) 

Must Read: Can These 22 New Restaurant Foods and Drinks Feed Investors Too? 
 

35. Jonathan Nelson -- $1.6 billion 

State: Rhode Island 

Bio: CEO of  Providence Equity Partners 

 

34. John S. Middleton -- $1.8 billion 

State: Pennsylvania 

Bio: Founder of  John Middleton Inc., an Altria (MO) company. 

 

33. Marguerite Harbert -- $1.8 billion 

State: Alabama 

Bio: Inherited fortune of late husband John Murdoch Harbert III 

 

32. Brad M. Kelley -- $2 billion 

State: Kentucky 

Bio: Founder of Commonwealth Brands and real-estate investor 

Must Read:  23 States Where Amazon Currently Charges Sales Tax to Customers  
 

31. Anita Zucker -- $2.7 billion 

State: South Carolina  

Bio: CEO of  InterTech Group 

 

30. Theodore Lerner -- $3.7 billion 

State: Maryland 

Bio: Founder of Lerner Enterprises and managing principal owner of the Washington Nationals 

 

29. Whitney MacMillan -- $3.8 billion 

State: Minnesota 

Bio: Part owner of  Cargill Inc. 

 

28. Thomas Frist, Jr. -- $4.3 billion 

State: Tennessee 

Bio: Co-founder of  Hospital Corporation of America 

 

27. Bruce Halle, Sr. -- $4.7 billion 

State: Arizona 

Bio: Founder of  Discount Tire 

 

26. Leslie Wexner -- $5.1 billion 

State: Ohio 

Bio: Chairman and CEO of  L Brands (LB) 

Must Read: How Ebola Scare Could Affect Holiday Shopping This Year 
 

25. Gayle Cook -- $5.1 billion 

State: Indiana 

Bio: Co-founder and director of  Cook Group